The Most Common Diseases & Infections in Dogs
Just like humans, dogs are susceptible to a variety of illnesses—from mild infections to serious diseases. As pet parents, being aware of the most common canine health problems helps you catch early signs, seek timely treatment, and protect your furry friend from preventable issues.
Here’s a breakdown of the most common diseases and infections that affect dogs, along with signs to watch for and tips on prevention.
1. Parvovirus (Parvo)
What it is:
A highly contagious and potentially deadly viral disease, especially dangerous for puppies and unvaccinated dogs.
Symptoms:
- Vomiting and diarrhea (often bloody)
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy and fever
Prevention:
Vaccination is key. Keep young puppies away from unknown dogs and public places until fully vaccinated.
2. Canine Distemper
What it is:
A serious and contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems.
Symptoms:
- Coughing and nasal discharge
- Fever and vomiting
- Seizures or twitching in advanced stages
Prevention:
Routine vaccinations and avoiding contact with infected animals.
3. Kennel Cough (Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis)
What it is:
A contagious respiratory illness caused by a combination of bacteria and viruses.
Symptoms:
- Dry, hacking cough
- Sneezing and nasal discharge
- Mild lethargy
Prevention:
Vaccination, especially for dogs that attend daycare, grooming, or boarding facilities.
4. Rabies
What it is:
A fatal viral infection that affects the brain and nervous system, transmissible to humans.
Symptoms:
- Sudden behavior changes
- Excessive drooling
- Paralysis and seizures
Prevention:
Regular rabies vaccinations as required by law.
5. Lyme Disease
What it is:
A tick-borne bacterial infection that can affect joints and organs.
Symptoms:
- Limping or lameness
- Swollen joints
- Fever and fatigue
Prevention:
Use flea and tick preventatives and check your dog after outdoor adventures.
6. Heartworm Disease
What it is:
A potentially life-threatening condition caused by parasitic worms living in the heart and lungs.
Symptoms:
- Persistent cough
- Difficulty breathing
- Fatigue after mild activity
Prevention:
Monthly heartworm preventatives prescribed by your vet.
7. Ear Infections
What it is:
Bacterial or yeast infections in the ear canal, often caused by moisture, allergies, or wax buildup.
Symptoms:
- Head shaking and scratching
- Redness or odor in the ears
- Discharge from the ears
Prevention:
Regular ear cleaning, especially after baths or swimming.
8. Skin Infections (Pyoderma, Hot Spots)
What it is:
Bacterial or fungal skin infections that may result from allergies, injuries, or moisture.
Symptoms:
- Itching, redness, and swelling
- Sores or hair loss
- Foul-smelling patches
Prevention:
Address underlying allergies and keep your dog clean and dry.
9. Giardia
What it is:
A microscopic parasite that affects the digestive tract.
Symptoms:
- Diarrhea (often greasy or foul-smelling)
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
Prevention:
Avoid contaminated water, and practice good hygiene in multi-dog households.
10. Canine Influenza (Dog Flu)
What it is:
A contagious respiratory infection similar to the human flu.
Symptoms:
- Coughing and sneezing
- Fever and runny nose
- Decreased appetite
Prevention:
Vaccination is available for at-risk dogs, especially those in group settings.
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