What Makes the Shar Pei So Wrinkly? A Look at the Breed’s Genetics
The Shar Pei is one of the most distinctive dog breeds in the world, known for its deeply wrinkled skin, broad muzzle, and almost hippopotamus-like face. If you’ve ever seen a Shar Pei puppy, you might wonder how a dog can have so many folds while still being incredibly cute. But have you ever asked yourself why the Shar Pei is so wrinkly? The answer lies in fascinating genetics, selective breeding, and unique traits that go beyond mere looks. In this article, we’ll explore what causes those famous wrinkles, how they affect the dog’s health, and what potential owners should know about this beloved breed.
A Brief History of the Shar Pei
The Shar Pei originated in China centuries ago, where they served as multipurpose working dogs. These canines were traditionally used for guarding property, hunting, and even herding livestock. Their wrinkled appearance wasn’t just for show — early breeders valued these folds as an advantage in fights, allowing the dog’s skin to move independently from its muscles, making it harder for opponents to grip them.
During the 20th century, the Shar Pei faced near extinction, especially during political upheaval in China. In the 1970s, Hong Kong breeder Matgo Law appealed to dog lovers in the United States to save the breed, which resulted in its introduction to Western countries. Since then, the Shar Pei has become a favorite companion dog, admired for its loyalty and signature look.
The Genetics Behind the Wrinkles
The wrinkles on a Shar Pei are more than just a cute feature — they are a result of a unique genetic mutation. Specifically, the breed carries an overproduction of hyaluronic acid in the skin. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the body that helps retain moisture and provide elasticity. In Shar Peis, a genetic variant leads to excessive amounts of this substance, causing the skin to become thick and loose, forming folds.
The Role of Hyaluronic Acid
In most dogs, hyaluronic acid is present at normal levels to keep the skin supple. But in Shar Peis, the gene responsible for regulating hyaluronic acid — known as HAS2 (Hyaluronan Synthase 2) — is overactive. This overproduction leads to the deep wrinkles and “hippopotamus face” that the breed is known for.
Interestingly, not all Shar Peis are equally wrinkly. Puppies are famously covered in folds, but as they grow older, many of these wrinkles smooth out, especially on the body. However, their faces tend to retain deep folds throughout their lives.
Wrinkles and Breed Types
There are different types of Shar Peis, and the amount of wrinkles can vary:
- Traditional/“Bone Mouth” Shar Pei: The older, more traditional variety with fewer wrinkles and a tighter coat.
- “Meat Mouth” Shar Pei: A modern variation with heavier wrinkling, especially around the face and muzzle.
The “Meat Mouth” type is more commonly seen in Western countries, largely due to breeding preferences for exaggerated wrinkles.
Why Wrinkles Were Historically Useful
The wrinkles of a Shar Pei were not originally bred for cuteness alone. In their early roles as guard and fighting dogs, these folds served a protective function. Loose skin meant that if the dog was bitten, it could still turn and defend itself because the bite would not penetrate deeply into the muscle. This trait, combined with their strong build and protective instincts, made them excellent at their jobs.
Wrinkles and Health Concerns
While the wrinkles are charming, they also come with some unique challenges. Prospective Shar Pei owners need to understand the health issues linked to this breed’s skin folds and genetics.
Skin Infections and Maintenance
The deep folds in a Shar Pei’s skin can trap moisture, dirt, and bacteria. If not properly cleaned, this can lead to skin infections such as pyoderma or yeast overgrowth. Owners must commit to regular cleaning and drying of the folds, especially in warmer climates or after the dog has been swimming.
Shar Pei Fever and Amyloidosis
One of the most serious health conditions associated with the Shar Pei is Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF), also linked to the same genetic mutation that causes wrinkling. FSF is characterized by periodic fevers and swelling in the joints, and in severe cases, it can lead to amyloidosis — a condition where amyloid proteins accumulate in organs like the kidneys, potentially leading to organ failure.
Eye Problems: Entropion
The folds around a Shar Pei’s eyes often lead to entropion, a condition where the eyelids roll inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the eyeball. This can be painful and may require surgical correction to prevent damage to the cornea.
Caring for a Wrinkly Shar Pei
Owning a Shar Pei comes with some extra responsibilities, especially when it comes to skincare and health monitoring. Here are some essential tips for keeping this breed happy and healthy.
Regular Skin Care
- Clean the folds: Use a damp cloth or pet-safe wipes to gently clean between the wrinkles, removing debris and moisture.
- Keep folds dry: After cleaning or bathing, always dry the folds thoroughly to prevent bacterial growth.
- Check for redness or odor: These are early signs of infection that should be addressed by a veterinarian.
Diet and Hydration
A balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids can help maintain healthy skin and reduce inflammation. Always provide fresh water to prevent dehydration, which can exacerbate skin issues.
Regular Veterinary Checkups
Shar Peis should have frequent vet visits, especially for monitoring eye health, skin conditions, and signs of Shar Pei Fever. Early detection of issues like entropion or amyloidosis can greatly improve outcomes.
Exercise and Environment
While Shar Peis enjoy moderate exercise, they are prone to overheating due to their short muzzles and thick skin. Walk them during cooler times of day and provide plenty of shade and water.
Are Shar Pei Wrinkles Permanent?
One fascinating fact about this breed is that their wrinkles change over time. Shar Pei puppies are famously covered in excess folds, but as they mature, many of these wrinkles stretch out. Adult Shar Peis typically retain wrinkles around the face, neck, and shoulders, but their bodies become smoother. This transformation often surprises first-time owners who expect the heavy folds to remain forever.
Why the Wrinkles Make the Shar Pei So Loved
Despite the health challenges, Shar Peis have captured the hearts of dog lovers worldwide. Their loyal, calm, and sometimes stubborn personalities make them excellent family pets. The wrinkles, once functional, now serve as an iconic symbol of the breed’s history and uniqueness.
Many enthusiasts say that caring for a Shar Pei’s wrinkles creates a special bond between owner and dog. The daily cleaning routines become a moment of connection, reinforcing the loyalty that these dogs are famous for.
FAQs About Shar Pei Wrinkles
1. Do Shar Pei wrinkles require daily cleaning?
Not always daily, but frequent cleaning is necessary, especially in humid climates or if the dog is prone to skin infections. Checking the folds every few days helps prevent problems.
2. Are all Shar Peis equally wrinkly?
No, some Shar Peis (like the traditional “Bone Mouth” type) have fewer wrinkles, while the “Meat Mouth” type is more heavily wrinkled. Puppies also have more wrinkles than adults.
3. Can the wrinkles cause vision problems?
Yes, folds around the eyes can lead to entropion, where the eyelids roll inward. This often requires veterinary treatment to prevent eye damage.
4. Is the wrinkly trait linked to health problems?
The same genetic mutation that causes wrinkles is also associated with Shar Pei Fever and amyloidosis, conditions that require careful monitoring.
5. Do the wrinkles fade as the dog grows?
Most Shar Pei puppies lose some of their wrinkles as they mature, especially on the body, but their faces remain distinctively wrinkled throughout life.
Image Source: Canva
