What Is a Purebred Dog?

While we always encourage adopting from shelters and rescues, choosing a purebred dog may be ideal for those looking for specific physical traits, personality characteristics, or athletic abilities.

Understanding Purebred Dogs

To gain insight into what defines a purebred dog, we consulted Dr. Marc Bekoff, an evolutionary biology expert specializing in dogs.

Simply put, the term “purebred” refers to dogs born from two parents of the same breed.

“Biologically, a breed is just a genetic mix with traits we like, such as behavior and/or appearance, with looks being a major force directing breeding,” explains Dr. Bekoff.

The primary difference between a purebred and a mixed breed dog lies in the number of breeds involved.

“Mixed breeds simply involve the combination of genes from two different breeds,” Dr. Bekoff adds.

While mixed breed dogs inherit traits from different breeds, purebred dogs maintain lineage from the same breed, preserving their distinct characteristics.

Selective Breeding and Traits

Some question whether purebred dogs are bred to maintain specific traits. The answer is yes. Selective breeding helps ensure that desired features, both in behavior and appearance, are passed down through generations.

How Many Dog Breeds Exist?

Over time, selective breeding has resulted in an estimated 360 dog breeds worldwide, according to Dr. Bekoff. Those interested in learning more about recognized breeds can refer to national dog registries such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).

If acquiring a purebred dog from a reputable breeder, you’ll receive registration papers verifying your dog’s pedigree. These documents confirm that both parents were of the same breed and are essential for registering, breeding, or showing your purebred dog.

Popular Purebred Breeds

According to the latest AKC rankings, the most popular purebred breeds include:

• French Bulldog
• Labrador Retriever
• Golden Retriever
• German Shepherd Dog
• Poodle

Choosing a purebred dog can be a great option for those seeking specific qualities in a pet. However, whether adopting from a shelter or working with a reputable breeder, finding the right dog that fits your lifestyle and needs is the most important factor.